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Laser Glossar - Letter P

 

Terms & definitions around laser treatments


    • Papilla
    • basal part of hair bulbus
    • Papilla cells
    • cells of the papilla of the hair bulbus
    • Paracortex
    • part of the hair shaft; its cortex cells contain many matrix proteins and few
    • micro fibrils
    • Pathogenic
    • nosogenic, inducing sickness
    • Peptide chains
    • molecule made of amino acids, also called proteins
  • ·         Permanent Hair Removal
    The FDA (Food and Drug Administration USA) definition of permanent hair removal is significant hair reduction for a period lasting longer than a hair cycle in the region being treated. The oldest method of hair removal is needle epilation. However, for several years lasers and pulsed light systems have been used increasingly successfully for permanent hair removal. Nevertheless, blond, grey and white hair still can only be removed successfully by needle.

    • Peroxide
    • see hydrogen peroxide
    • Pesticide
    • chemical substance to destroy plant and animal parasites of all kinds
    • Persulfate
    • salt of peroxidisulfuric acid
    • Pheomelanin
    • yellow-red pigment
    • Phenolphthalein
    • chemical compound serving as indicator (indicates acid or base by change
    • of colour)
    • pH value
    • indicator of the strength of acids and bases
    • Physical
    • of the body, bodily
    • Pigment
    • colouring agent to be found inside the body cells, especially inside the
    • skin and hair, determining their colour
  • ·         Pigment spots
    liver spots or pigment lesions are congenital or later acquired pigmented malformation of the skin. They are also called birthmarks or naevi. Freckles and age spots are also pigment lesions. Pigment lesions are of different colour (from yellow to brown or black), different size (from small and roundish up to large) and have different surfaces (smooth, raised, with hair etc.). Especially as a result of excessive sun exposure, birth marks can turn into skin cancer. But other spots can also degenerate. Dark spots or dark areas inside a spot are suspicious. People with numerous pigment spots or birth marks, especially when they are irregularly formed, should avoid sun exposure or at least protect against the sun and consult a doctor regularly. But most birth marks are benign.

    • Pityrosporum ovale
    • microscopically small fungus, playing an important role during the
    • production of dandruff
    • Polar
    • polar compounds contain areas of both positive and negative electric
    • charge
    • Polymer
    • chemical compound made of several sub-compounds
    • Potassium hydroxide
    • colourless solution of potassium hydroxide in water used mainly in
    • detergents and paints
    • Precursor dye
    • molecules used for oxidative hair dyeing which are small enough to
    • penetrate the hair, where they accumulate into larger coloured molecules.
    • Prism
    • evenly formed glass for light refraction, usually has three sides
    • Proportional
    • corresponding in degree or amount
    • Proteinate
    • salt formed from proteins and base
    • Protein chains
    • compound of amino acids
    • Proteins
    • long peptide chains, their three-dimensional form depends on the number,
    • the size and the sequence of the bonded amino acids (most important
    • substance of all living organisms)
    • Protofibrils
    • small structure of the hair protein
    • Psoriasis
    • In the case of psoriasis, the growth cycle of cells and the movement to
    • the skin surface are speeded up by a factor of 7. Healthy skin renews itself
    • within 25 – 27 days. In the case of psoriasis, the cycle is reduced to 6 –
    • 7 days. The psoriatic skin cells build up silvery white scales on typical
    • sharply delineated areas of the skin. Increased blood-flow can be seen on
    • these areas. Nevertheless, the typical course of psoriasis cannot always
    • be diagnosed easily.  For this
    • reason, only dermatologists should diagnose psoriasis., as not  all scales on the skin are psoriasis. The
    • following characteristics are typical of psoriasis: red spots or plaque
    • which pile up and form lesions of silver colour. The areas are surrounded
    • by a small red edge, and sometimes a small white zone surrounds the red
    • edge. The silver squames cannot easily be removed, but this can mostly be
    • done using finger nails. After removal, a thin layer of skin can be
    • removed from the red spot underneath. This lowest epidermal cell layer is
    • the border to the tissue. Doctors call this “bloody dew”. If this last
    • skin layer can be removed, this is a sure sign that psoriasis is present. Psoriasis
    • can occur at any age, but is quite seldom during the first year. Quite
    • often, psoriasis occurs during puberty and between the ages of 40 and 50.
    • The disease shows an individual progression, often occurring in batches with
    • periods of better or worse skin condition. Psoriasis can occur just once
    • but also be chronic over years. A worse skin condition is often recognised
    • in autumn and spring. 25% of all psoriasis patients show spontaneous
    • healing which sometimes leads to stories about dubious miracle
    • preparations or methods. Each psoriatic patient has his own psoriasis. Even
    • now, the causes of psoriasis cannot be cured. So the aim of any treatment
    • is a long period without visible signs of psoriasis, itching and pain at
    • the joint.
  • ·         Psoriasis geographica
    large lesions of psoriasis, often looking like a three-dimensional map

    • Psoriasis palmaris et plantaris
    • psoriasis on the pals of the hands and soles of the feet.
    • Psoriasis punctata
    • psoriasis the size of match heads mostly occurring on the trunk.
    • Psoriasis pustulosa
    • psoriasis with purulent pustules.
    • Psoriasis vulgaris
    • large areas of psoriasis with silvery white squames with a red edge
    • Psychic
    • mental
  • Puberty
    maturing of sexual functions

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